Wonder what's going to happen to the economy if this gas price thing is prolonged. Thoughts?
If it is prolongued to the extent that there is no marked decrease in prices then you can expect a number of things:
1. There will be a distinct increase in usage and purchase of smaller vehicles that give substantially better mpg - 40-45 mp is not unreasonable. In the UK where prices are already over $6/gallon equivalent, we can live with it to a degree because we have vehicles that give that sort of fuel economy. I have a 15 year-old VW Passat estate with 180,000 miles - that's not a typo - on the clock that returns 35 mpg easily and can do better. Even the larger engined car I drive (3 litre job) gives me 30 mpg without too much effort.
2. If it is sustained then your home car industry will start building and selling cars like those used in Europe and other parts of the world - they won't want to lose market share - with most of them already producuing the Eiropean cars but overseas, it may be just a case of switching the production lines for such vehicles to the States as the most cost-effective first level solution.
3. When prices do fall (a large drop in consumption caused by even just 1 above, let alone 1 & 2 will cause this to happen) then bet you the government will find this a good reason to levy higher taxes on fuel.
4. Alternative fuels will be given consideration, but with prices this high, a lot of these come inside the horizon, which means that the chances of really moving on any one in a big way may be limited and you'll end up with two or three being pursued less dynamically.
In the short-term, people will hold back on driving and use alternative forms of transport where possible and/or only make shorter journeys using the car so that there is less of a drain on their pockets. The cost of fuel will feed through all aspects of the economy as goods and services have to be moved either physically or because they burn other energy like electricity. All prices will rise and the spending power of the individual will decrease putting businesses at risk - disposable income just gets hit big time. There is then a real risk of major recession and unemployment. Against this doomsday scenario, the oil-producing economies won't want to lose revenues as a result of a too-high oil price killing global growth so there will be a period of adjustment and balancing that will soften the effect, but it will still be a bumpy ride.