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One typically has to have a certain amount of time in service (TIS) and time in grade (TIG) to be eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher rank. That translates into a certain age for each person, depending on at what age they entered the military, how fast they received their previous promotions, and if they had any breaks in service. The TIS-TIG requirements change with the military's need for people at a given rank.
The USA, with its large military, accommodates secondary and primary zones of consideration. Those promoted in the primary zone have met the full TIS-TIG requirements. Those promoted in the secondary zone have not; but, they received waivers (sometimes a little as half the TIS requirement) for exceptional performance. Only a small percentage of the total number of promotions authorized for a fiscal year are allotted to the secondary zone.
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