I've used the inverted bowl technique (only for yellowjackets, of course).to good effect.
They do often have auxiliary openings so you have to look carefully for them. Not carefully just in the close search sense, but in the caution sense: those little buggers are fierce and determined.
Working at night with heavy clothing, as complete overage as you can with gloves and eye protection is more than important.
The edge seal has to be maintained.
They will beat themselves to death for days before activity dies down.
Buried deep under the surface tunnels are brood chambers containing thousands of eggs and larva, unaffected by the turmoil up top.
They are immune to all but the most powerful shop vac and have to be dug out and killed separately.
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