In NASCAR, there is Danica Patrick (a couple of top ten finishes, I think) in the top series, Sprint Cup. And there was Janet Guthrie, the first female driver to compete in the top series (then called Winston Cup) back in 1976. She finished 15th in the World 600.
Jennifer Jo Cobb has participated in NASCAR's Xfinity Series (one step below Sprint Cup).
Lots of women have raced in NASCAR-sanctioned race series.