January 17
1773 – Captain
James Cook commands the first expedition to sail south of the Antarctic Circle.
1811 – Mexican War of Independence: In the
Battle of Calderón Bridge, a heavily outnumbered Spanish force of 6,000 troops defeats nearly 100,000 Mexican revolutionaries.
1893 –
Lorrin A. Thurston, along with the
Citizens' Committee of Public Safety, led the
Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii and the government of
Queen Liliʻuokalani.
1899 – The United States takes possession of
Wake Island in the Pacific Ocean.
1904 –
Anton Chekhov's
The Cherry Orchard receives its premiere performance at the Moscow Art Theatre.
1912 –
Robert Falcon Scott's ill-fated
Terra Nova Expedition reached the South Pole, only to find
Roald Amundsen's team, who had beaten them by 33 days.
1917 – The United States pays Denmark $25 million for the
Virgin Islands.
1929 –
Popeye the Sailor Man, a cartoon character created by
E. C. Segar, first appears in the
Thimble Theatre comic strip.
1944 – World War II:
Allied forces launch the first of four assaults on Monte Cassino with the intention of breaking through the
Winter Line and seizing Rome, an effort that would ultimately take four months, and cost 105,000 Allied casualties.
1945 – The
SS-Totenkopfverbände begin the evacuation of the
Auschwitz concentration camp as Soviet forces close in.
1945 – World War II: The
Vistula–Oder Offensive forces German troops out of Warsaw.
1945 – Swedish diplomat
Raoul Wallenberg [posthumously, one of only eight
Honarary Citizens of The United States] is taken into Soviet custody while in Hungary; he is never publicly seen again.
1950 – The Great Brink's Robbery: Eleven thieves steal more than $2 million from an armored car company's offices in Boston. Only $58,000 of the $2.7 million was recovered.
1961 – U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower delivers a
televised farewell address to the nation three days before leaving office, in which he warns against the accumulation of power by the "
military–industrial complex" as well as the dangers of massive spending, especially deficit spending.
1966 –
Palomares incident: A
B-52 bomber collides with a
KC-135 Stratotanker over Spain, killing seven airmen, and dropping three 70-kiloton nuclear bombs near the town of Palomares, and another one into the sea.
1981 – President of the Philippines
Ferdinand Marcos lifts martial law eight years and five months after declaring it.
1991 –
Operation Desert Storm begins early in the morning. Iraq fires eight
Scud missiles into Israel in an unsuccessful bid to provoke Israeli retaliation.
1994 – The
Northridge earthquake shakes the Greater Los Angeles Area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 57 people dead and more than 8,700 injured.
1995 – The
Great Hanshin earthquake shakes the southern Hyōgo Prefecture with a maximum Shindo of VII, leaving 5,502–6,434 people dead, and 251,301–310,000 displaced.
1997 – Cape Canaveral Air Force Station: A
Delta II carrying a
GPS2R satellite explodes 13 seconds after launch, dropping 250 tons of burning rocket remains around the launch pad.
1998 –
Lewinsky scandal:
Matt Drudge breaks the story of the Bill Clinton–Monica Lewinsky affair on his
Drudge Report website.
2002 –
Mount Nyiragongo erupts in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, displacing an estimated 400,000 people.
2007 – The
Doomsday Clock is set to five minutes to midnight in response to North Korea's nuclear testing.
Births
1706 – Benjamin Franklin; 1820 – Anne Brontë; 1880 – Mack Sennett; 1882 – Noah Beery, Sr. (
The Mark Of Zorro); 1886 – Glenn L. Martin (of Martin Marietta, & Lockheed Martin); 1899 – Al Capone; 1908 – Cus D'Amato

(manager); 1911 – John S. McCain Jr.; 1922 – Betty White; 1926 – Moira Shearer; 1927 – Eartha Kitt♪ ♫('Catwoman' on
Batman TOS); 1928 – Vidal Sassoon; 1931 – James Earl Jones; 1932 – Sheree North; 1933 – Dalida♪ ♫; 1933 – Shari Lewis (put her hand up Lambchop); 1939 – Maury Povich; 1942 – Muhammad Ali


; 1949 – Anita Borg

; 1949 –
Andy Kaufman; 1949 – Mick Taylor

(John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, The Rolling Stones); 1954 – Robert F. Kennedy, Jr.; 1955 – Steve Earle♪ ♫; 1956 – Paul Young♪ ♫; 1957 – Steve Harvey; 1959 – Susanna Hoffs♪ ♫(The Bangles); 1960 – John Crawford♪ ♫(Berlin); 1961 – Brian Helgeland (wrote screenplays for
L.A. Confidential, Mystic River, 42); 1962 – Jim Carrey (moron); 1964 – Michelle Obama (46th FLOTUS); 1966 – Joshua Malina (
West Wing, Sports Night); 1967 – Richard Hawley♪ ♫; 1969 – Naveen Andrews (
Lost); 1971 – Lil Jon (Waht? Okaay. Get Crunk!); 1971 – Kid Rock




(Twisted Brown Trucker Band); 1980 – Maksim Chmerkovskiy (DWTS); 1980 – Zooey Deschanel♪ ♫


; 1984 – Calvin Harris♪ ♫

Deaths
1468 – Skanderbeg; 1874 –
Chang and Eng Bunker (Thai conjoined twins); 1893 – Rutherford B. Hayes (19th POTUS); 1927 – Juliette Gordon Low (founder of the Girl Scouts of the USA); 1933 – Louis Comfort Tiffany; 1952 – Walter Briggs, Sr. (co-owner/sole owner Detroit Tigers, co-founded Detroit Zoo); 1997 – Clyde Tombaugh (discovered planet Pluto); 2003 – Richard Crenna (
The Sand Pebbles, 3 Rambo movies, The Real McCoys, Our Miss Brooks); 2004 – Noble Willingham (
City Slickers, The Last Boy Scout, Walker Texas Ranger); 2005 – Virginia Mayo; 2007 – Art Buchwald; 2008 – Bobby Fischer; 2010 – Erich Segal (author
Love Story); 2011 – Don Kirshner (
Don Kirshner's Rock Concert); Don Harron (KORN radio announcer 'Charlie Farquharson' on
Hee Haw)