June 10
Today is Portugal Day, celebrating the death of
Luνs de Camυes, who wrote
Os Lusνadas, Portugal's national epic poem celebrating Portuguese history and achievements. Camυes was an adventurer who lost one eye fighting in Ceuta, wrote the poem while traveling, and survived a shipwreck in Cochinchina (a region of present-day Vietnam). According to popular folklore, Camυes saved his epic poem by swimming with one arm while keeping the other arm above water. Since his date of birth is unknown, his date of death is celebrated as Portugal's National Day.
671 Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a
water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of
Ōtsu.
1190
Third Crusade:
Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the river Saleph while leading an army to Jerusalem.
1596
Willem Barents and
Jacob van Heemskerk discover
Bear Island.
1692 Salem witch trials:
Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".
1854 The first class of
United States Naval Academy students graduate.
1886
Mount Tarawera in New Zealand erupts, killing 153 people and burying the famous
Pink and White Terraces. Eruptions continue for 3 months creating a large, 17 km long fissure across the mountain peak.
1912 The
Villisca axe murders were discovered in Villisca, Iowa.
1935
Dr. Robert Smith takes his last drink, and
Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by him and
Bill Wilson.
1944 In baseball, 15-year-old
Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
1947
Saab produces its first automobile.
1963
Equal Pay Act of 1963 aimed at abolishing wage disparity based on sex (see
Gender pay gap). It was signed into law on June 10, 1963 by John F. Kennedy as part of his
New Frontier Program.
1964 United States Senate breaks a 75-day
filibuster against the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, leading to the bill's passage.
1967 The
Gateway Arch, in St. Louis, Missouri, opens to the public.
1977
James Earl Ray, assassin of
Martin Luther King, Jr., escapes from
Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee. He is recaptured three days later.
The
Apple II, one of the first personal computers, goes on sale.
Joe Strummer and
Nicky Headon from
The Clash were each fined £5 ($8.50) by a London court for spray-painting The Clash on a wall.
1986 -
Jerry Garcia of
The Grateful Dead went into a five day
diabetic coma, resulting in the band withdrawing from their current tour.
1990
British Airways Flight 5390 lands safely at Southampton Airport after a blowout in the cockpit causes the captain to be partially sucked from the cockpit. There are no fatalities.
1991 Eleven-year-old
Jaycee Lee Dugard is kidnapped in South Lake Tahoe, California; she would remain a captive until 2009.
1997 Before fleeing his northern stronghold,
Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members.
2003 The
Spirit rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.
Births
1895 Hattie McDaniel; 1910 Howlin' Wolf; 1915 Saul Bellow; 1922 Judy Garland; 1925 Nat Hentoff; 1928 Maurice Sendak; 1941 Mickey Jones, Jόrgen Prochnow; 1951 Dan Fouts; 1953 John Edwards; 1955 Andrew Stevens; 1959 Eliot Spitzer; 1961 Kelley Deal, Kim Deal, Maxi Priest; 1963 Jeanne Tripplehorn; 1964 Jimmy Chamberlin; 1965 Elizabeth Hurley

; 1968 Bill Burr; 1971 Bobby Jindal; 1982 Tara Lipinski; 1992 Kate Upton
Deaths
323 BC Alexander the Great; 1190 Frederick I; 1692 Bridget Bishop; 1909 Edward Everett Hale; 1946 Jack Johnson; 1963 Timothy Birdsall (British cartoonist); 1967 Spencer Tracy; 1971 Michael Rennie ('
Klaatu in "
The Day The Earth Stood Still"); 1973 William Inge; 1976 Adolph Zukor (co-founded
Paramount Pictures); 1988 Louis L'Amour; 1996 Jo Van Fleet; 2002 John Gotti; 2003 Donald Regan; 2004 Ray Charles; 2005 Curtis Pitts (designed the
Pitts Special); 2016 Gordie Howe