Wild cattle are called aurochs. Aurochs were domesticated into cattle in five different places roughly five thousand years ago. I had thought that aurochs went extinct at roughly the same time, but according to a site from Google, a herd of aurochs survived in the care of the Polish kings until the early 1600s.
Since the intelligence of cows has fallen so dangerously low, I believe that any attempt to re-introduce cows into the wild would end in blumbering failure.
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