Two clues that this isn't a "real" image; as pointed out, it's dark everywhere, and no storms/clouds anywhere.
This appears to be a reprocessing of the image known as "The Brilliant Earth" (there is a daytime counterpart "The Living Earth"). These images are composites of satellite photos chosen and blended to elliminate weather obscuration. The image is simply mapped onto a sphere and a view from the top shown.
I'm not sure about the background. There is a corresponding composite image called "The Starry Sky" which might have been similarly mapped, though it could be almost any simple starfield or even a set of randomly generated dots that "looks about right".
More info on the sources can be seen at
http://livingearth.com