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I think I'm getting a clearer picture of the car / plane confusion. The wheels on a car rotate, grab the road (with friction), and 'push the road back'. Since the road doesn't move, the car moves forward instead. So, you could change the speed of the car relative to the earth by moving the road like a treadmill.
With a plane, however, the the only purpose of the wheels is to keep the plane above the ground and reduce friction. The plane pushes itself forward by pushing the air back (hence it is easier to take off in a headwind).
Probably the only way to keep the plane from flying would be to immerse it in a tailwind that matched the plane's velocity, or to lash it down and prevent it from rolling.
I also think that people might be confusing velocity and force. Only force can keep the plane from moving, and the treadmill cannot apply enough force.
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