March 28

37 – Roman emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.

1566 – The foundation stone of Valletta, Malta's capital city, is laid by Jean Parisot de Valette, Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

1776 – Juan Bautista de Anza finds the site for the Presidio of San Francisco.

1802 – Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers discovers 2 Pallas, the second asteroid ever to be discovered.

1910 – Henri Fabre becomes the first person to fly a seaplane, the Fabre Hydravion, after taking off from a water runway near Martigues, France.

1933 – The Imperial Airways biplane City of Liverpool is believed to be the first airliner lost to sabotage when a passenger sets a fire on board.

1946 – Cold War: The United States Department of State releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.

1964 - Madame Tussauds, London unveiled the wax works images of The Beatles, the first pop stars to be honoured.

1979 – A coolant leak at the Three Mile Island's Unit 2 nuclear reactor outside Harrisburg, Pennsylvania leads to the core overheating and a partial meltdown.

1982 - David Crosby was arrested after crashing his car on the San Diego Highway. Police also found cocaine and a pistol in the Crosby Stills & Nash stars car. When the police asked Crosby why he carried the gun, his reply was, "John Lennon".

1990 – United States President George H. W. Bush posthumously awards Jesse Owens the Congressional Gold Medal. "And now, for my next impression, Jesse Owens!":bolt:

1992, Over a $100,000 (£58,800) worth of damage was caused at The Irvine Meadows Amphitheatre, California, when Ozzy Osbourne invited the first two rows of the audience on stage. Several other rows took up the offer and the band was forced to exit the stage.

2000 - Jimmy Page accepted substantial undisclosed libel damages from a magazine which claimed he had caused or contributed to the death of his Led Zeppelin bandmate John Bonham. Page's solicitor, Norman Chapman, told High Court Judge Mr Justice Morland that the feature in Ministry magazine printed in 1999 claimed Page was more concerned with keeping vomit off his bed than saving his friend's life, and that he stood over him wearing Satanic robes and performing a useless spell.

2003 – In a friendly fire incident, two American A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft attack British tanks participating in the 2003 invasion of Iraq, killing one soldier.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1836 – Frederick Pabst (yeah, that Pabst), 1868 – Maxim Gorky, 1905 – Marlin Perkins, 1910 – Jimmie Dodd, 1914 – Edmund Muskie, 1921 – Dirk Bogarde, 1928 – Zbigniew Brzezinski, 1944 – Ken Howard, 1948 – Dianne Wiest, 1948 – Milan Williams:keys:(The Commodores), 1955 – Reba McEntire♪ ♫, 1959 – Chris Myers, 1966 – Cheryl James♪ ♫('Salt' of Salt-n-Pepa), 1969 – Rodney Atkins♪ ♫, 1970 – Vince Vaughn, 1981 – Julia Stiles, 1986 – Lady Gaga♪ ♫

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1584 – Ivan the Terrible, 1687 – Constantijn Huygens♪ ♫, 1941 – Virginia Woolf, 1943 – Sergei Rachmaninoff♪ ♫, 1953 – Jim Thorpe, 1958 – W. C. Handy♪ ♫, 1969 – Dwight D. Eisenhower (34th POTUS), 1974 - Arthur 'Big Boy' Crudup♪ ♫, 1974 – Dorothy Fields♪ ♫(songwriter, wrote "Sunny Side Of The Street", "I'm In The Mood For Love"), 1980 – Dick Haymes, 1985 – Marc Chagall:artist:, 1987 – Maria von Trapp♪ ♫(Just how many damn von Trapps were there anyway?!), 2004 – Peter Ustinov, 2006 – Caspar Weinberger, 2009 – Maurice Jarre♪ ♫, 2010 – June Havoc, 2013 – Robert Zildjian (founded Sabian cymbals), 2016 – James Noble

But those A-10s are useless, we should get rid of them. :mad::rolleyes:

March 29

845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.

1461 – Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton: Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Edward IV of England.

1806 – Construction is authorized of the Great National Pike, better known as the Cumberland Road, becoming the first United States federal highway.

1847 – Mexican–American War: United States forces led by General Winfield Scott take Veracruz after a siege.

1865 – American Civil War: Federal forces under Major General Philip Sheridan move to flank Confederate forces under Robert E. Lee as the Appomattox Campaign begins.

1867 – Queen Victoria gives Royal Assent to the British North America Act which establishes the Dominion of Canada on July 1.

1882 – The Knights of Columbus are established.

1886 – John Pemberton brews the first batch of Coca-Cola in a backyard in Atlanta, Georgia.

1911 – The M1911 .45 ACP pistol becomes the official U.S. Army side arm.

1945 – World War II: Last day of V-1 flying bomb attacks on England.

1951 – Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage.

1957 – The New York, Ontario and Western Railway makes its final run, the first major U.S. railroad to be abandoned in its entirety.

1961 – The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, allowing residents of Washington, D.C., to vote in presidential elections.

1971 – My Lai Massacre: Lieutenant William Calley is convicted of premeditated murder and sentenced to life in prison.

1973 – Vietnam War: The last United States combat soldiers leave South Vietnam.

1973 - Dr Hook And The Medicine Show got their picture on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine after their hit, 'The Cover of Rolling Stone' reached No. 6 on the US singles chart. According to members of the group, they really did buy five copies for their mothers, just like the song said.

1984 – The Baltimore Colts load its possessions onto fifteen Mayflower moving trucks in the early morning hours and transfer its operations to Indianapolis.

1999 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 10,000 mark (10,006.78) for the first time, during the height of the dot-com bubble.

2013 – At least 36 people are killed when a 16-floor building collapses in the commercial capital Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

2014 – The first same-sex marriages in England and Wales are performed.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1790 – John Tyler (10th POTUS), 1816 – 10th Dalai Lama, 1867 – Cy Young, 1874 – Lou Henry Hoover (33rd FLOTUS), 1914 – Phil Foster (Laverne's father on Laverne & Shirley), 1918 – Pearl Bailey♪ ♫, 1918 – Sam Walton (founded Walmart and Sam's Club), 1919 – Eileen Heckart, 1927 – John McLaughlin, 1928 – Vincent 'Chin' Gigante (boss of the Genovese crime family), 1939 – Terence Hill, 1940 – Ray Davis:bass:(Parliament-Funkadelic), 1943 – Vangelis:keys:, 1943 – Eric Idle, 1943 – John Major, 1944 – Terry Jacks♪ ♫(wrote/sang "Seasons In The Sun"), 1946 – Billy Thorpe♪ ♫, 1947 – Bobby Kimball♪ ♫(Toto), 1948 – Bud Cort, 1952 – John Hendricks (founded Discovery Channel), 1955 – Earl Campbell, 1955 – Brendan Gleeson, 1955 – Marina Sirtis ('Counselor Troi' on Star Trek:TNG), 1956 – Kurt Thomas, 1957 – Christopher Lambert (Highlander movies), 1959 – Perry Farrell♪ ♫(Jane's Addiction), 1961 – Amy Sedaris, 1964 – Elle Macpherson:love:, 1967 – John Popper♪ ♫(Blues Traveler), 1968 – Lucy Lawless (Xena: Warrior Princess), 1971 – Lara Logan:love:, 1976 – Jennifer Capriati

:reaper:Deaths:reaper

1848 – John Jacob Astor, 1912 – Robert Falcon Scott, 1980 – Mantovani♪ ♫, 1992 – Paul Henreid, 2012 – Bill 'Grumpy' Jenkins:driving:, 2016 – Patty Duke

I read it was a very successful. After that the Vikings would come back on the special boats the only used for European rivers, every year or three and collect the ransom with no muss or fuss.

I tried to get people to pay me to leave but they just threw me out.:o

J's dad wrote an amazing play about that.



https://painesplough.com/play/body-count

For what it is worth, most Americans over 30 (then) ignored reality. And continued to advocate the massacre of more ten thousands Americans. Those lives were wasted uselessly because an American president did not want a war to be lost on his watch. (And then we made the same mistake 35 years later - Mission Accomplished.)

My Lai was ignored by so many Americans who demonstrated hate of the American serviceman. Stated accurately back then: do not trust anyone over 30. Today we say do not trust anyone over 79.

Playing again this week on PBS NOVA:

March 30

Today is marked as Nat'l Doctors' Day in the U.S., recognizing the contributions of physicians to individual lives and communities.


Events

1296 – Edward I sacks Berwick-upon-Tweed, during armed conflict between Scotland and England.

1822 – The Florida Territory is created in the United States.

1842 – Ether anesthesia is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon Dr. Crawford Long.

1855 – Origins of the American Civil War: "Border Ruffians" from Missouri invade Kansas and force election of a pro-slavery legislature.

1867 – Alaska is purchased from Russia for $7.2 million, about 2-cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward.

1870 – Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.

1939 – The Heinkel He 100 fighter sets a world airspeed record of 463 mph (745 km/h).

1944 – Out of 795 Lancasters, Halifaxes and Mosquitos sent to attack Nuremberg, 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.

1945 – World War II: Soviet forces invade Austria and capture Vienna; Polish and Soviet forces liberate Danzig.

1957 - Buddy Knox became the first artist in the Rock 'n' Roll era to write his own number one hit when 'Party Doll' topped the US singles chart.

1972 – Vietnam War: The Easter Offensive begins after North Vietnamese forces cross into the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) of South Vietnam.

1981 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan is shot in the chest outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by John Hinckley, Jr.; three others are wounded in the same incident.

1982 – Space Shuttle program: STS-3 Mission is completed with the landing of Columbia at White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico.

2017 – Peggy Whitson surpasses Suni Williams' record for most spacewalks by a woman with 8.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1746 – Francisco Goya:artist:, 1811 – Robert Bunsen (Bunsen burner), 1820 – Anna Sewell, 1844 – Paul Verlaine, 1853 – Vincent van Gogh:artist:, 1880 – Seán O'Casey, 1894 – Sergey Ilyushin (founded Ilyushin Aircraft Company), 1902 – Brooke A$tor, 1905 – Albert Pierrepoint (British hangman), 1913 – Frankie Laine♪ ♫, 1914 – Sonny Boy Williamson I, 1919 – McGeorge Bundy, 1929 – Richard Dysart, 1930 – John Astin, 1930 – Rolf Harris♪ ♫, 1937 – Warren Beatty, 1943 – Jay Traynor♪ ♫, 1945 – Eric Clapton:shred::devil:, 1948 – Jim "Dandy" Mangrum♪ ♫(Black Oak Arkansas), 1950 – Robbie Coltrane, 1955 – Randy VanWarmer♪ ♫, 1957 – Paul Reiser, 1958 – Maurice LaMarche (voice of 'The Brain' on Animaniacs), 1962 – MC Hammer♪ ♫, 1964 – Tracy Chapman♪ ♫, 1968 – Celine Dion♪ ♫, 1971 – Mark Consuelos, 1979 – Norah Jones♪ ♫

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1840 – Beau Brummell, 1981 – DeWitt Wallace (co-founded Reader's Digest), 1986 – James Cagney, 2002 – Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother:f205:, 2003 – Michael Jeter, 2005 – Fred Korematsu, 2008 – Richard Lloyd:driving:, 2012 – Granville Semmes (founded 1-800-Flowers), 2013 – Phil Ramone♪ ♫(The Ramones), 2014 – Kate O'Mara (Dynasty, 'the Rani' on Doctor Who)

:D

Those Scots ain't afeared a nuthin.

It's a shame if you mention either of those names most would say, who? :(

And why?

March 31

Today is the last day of March.

There are 275 days remaining in the year, and 268 days until Christmas.

Also observed today is International Transgender Day of Visibility, as well as New Jersey's Thomas Mundy Peterson Day, and the U.S. Virgin Islands' Transfer Day.


Events

1492 – Queen Isabella of Castile issues the Alhambra Decree, ordering her 150,000 Jewish and Muslim subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.

1774 – American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain orders the port of Boston, Massachusetts closed pursuant to the Boston Port Act.

1889 – The Eiffel Tower is officially opened.

1906 – The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the National Collegiate Athletic Association) is established to set rules for college sports in the United States.

1917 – The United States takes possession of the Danish West Indies after paying $25 million to Denmark, and renames the territory the United States Virgin Islands.

1918 – Daylight saving time goes into effect in the United States for the first time.

1921 – The Royal Australian Air Force is formed.

1930 – The Motion Picture Production Code is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.

1931 – TWA Flight 599 crashes near Bazaar, Kansas, killing eight, including University of Notre Dame head football coach Knute Rockne.

1945 – World War II: A defecting German pilot delivers a Messerschmitt Me 262A-1, the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.

1951 – Remington Rand delivers the first UNIVAC I computer to the United States Census Bureau.

1959 – The 14th Dalai Lama, crosses the border into India and is granted political asylum.

1985 – The first WrestleMania, the biggest wrestling event from the WWE (then the WWF), takes place in Madison Square Garden in New York City.

1990 – Approximately 200,000 protesters take to the streets of London to protest against the newly introduced Poll Tax.

1991 – Georgian independence referendum, 1991: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the Soviet Union.

1992 – The USS Missouri, the last active United States Navy battleship, is decommissioned in Long Beach, California.

1997 – The first episode of Teletubbies is aired on BBC.

1998 – Netscape releases Mozilla source code under an open source license.

2004 – Iraq War in Anbar Province: In Fallujah, Iraq, four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed after being ambushed. Their beaten, burned bodies were dragged through the streets of Fallujah before being hung from a bridge over the Euphrates River.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1596 – René Descartes, 1685 – Johann Sebastian Bach, 1732 – Joseph Haydn, 1809 – Nikolai Gogol, 1878 – Jack Johnson, 1922 – Richard Kiley, 1924 – Leo Buscaglia, 1927 – Cesar Chavez, 1927 – William Daniels, 1927 – Vladimir Ilyushin, 1928 – Lefty Frizzell, 1928 – Gordie Howe, 1929 – Liz Claiborne, 1934 – Shirley Jones, 1934 – John D. Loudermilk, 1935 – Herb Alpert, 1940 – Barney Frank, 1940 – Patrick Leahy, 1942 – Michael Savage, 1943 – Christopher Walken, 1944 – Mick Ralphs, 1945 – Gabe Kaplan, 1948 – Al Gore, 1948 – Rhea Perlman, 1950 – Ed Marinaro, 1955 – Angus Young, 1965 – William McNamara, 1971 – Ewan McGregor, 1972 – Evan Williams, 1980 – Kate Micucci, 1981 – Ryan Bingham

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

32 BC – Titus Pomponius Atticus, 1850 – John C. Calhoun, 1855 – Charlotte Brontë, 1913 – J. P. Morgan, 1931 – Knute Rockne, 1976 – Paul Strand, 1980 – Jesse Owens, 1981 – Enid Bagnold, 1993 – Brandon Lee, 1995 – Selena, 1998 – Bella Abzug, 1998 – Tim Flock, 2005 – Frank Perdue, 2014 – Charles Keating, 2016 – Ronnie Corbett

I was at that demo. It became very violent and the police used the kettling technique - At one point there was a charge of mounted police and the crowd surged away, I lost my footing, and end up on the ground, Judah grabbed my hand and dragged me up and out of the way of the oncoming horses. My jeans were ripped at the knee and my skin all grazed.

Prior to that, when we were at the barricades outside Downing Street,weweredoing that protestor thing of shouting at the police behind the barricades - and the police were doing their thing of landing a punch if anyone got too close to the barrier - we had this young lass with us- about a year younger than us in years, but much younger looking and a little naive. She'd sort of attached herself to me and J through our local circle of friends and other students and had decided to come with us on the demo. She got a little enthusiastic and was pushing up against the barrier A police officer behind the barricade threw a single full force punch and she dropped - as she started to drop two cops leaned over the barrier and were trying to drag her over to their side - we pulled her back towards us and she fell back into our crowd but she lost her shoe.*

Don't know what sparked the other flashpoints on that demo - because there were many different ones - but in our little stretch of the demo, it was a burly cop in body armour punching a young-looking and very small teenage girl in the face.




* after dragging her back, with her conscious but woozy, we got her to the nearest first aidstation which was very close fortunately.

I have a very clear recollection of approaching that first aid station - there were people sat about with bleeding heads - making our way along the main route, towards the front line of police, every so often you'd see someone coming back the other way, holding a broken wrist or being led along by a friend whilst pressing a t-shirt to their head, and blood all down their front.

It was quite an unnerving experience. Exciting and exhilarating when you're in it - but also unnerving and the second you let yourself think about the situation you're walking right into really scary.

27 years later, and how are we doing? Society hasn't punched enough small, teenage girls in the face, so we still have pointless civil unrest and freeloading troublemakers gumming up the works. Thank God for technology-driven, mass-scale intelligence gathering of private citizens, so we know who to hit with the warrant-less drone strikes.

Such an important event and such an amazing story of it, and all I can think is, did you see Sqwubbsy?

http://cellar.org/2017/sqwubbsy.jpg

See the slippery slope? We should give the military $50 Billion more. ;)

In earlier days, soldiers would fire live ammunition at demonstrators only because they were aggressively demonstrating. Such lack of restraint created Kent State, the legacy of Martin McGuinness, Brighton hotel bombing, and massive violence in Northern Ireland.

What you witnessed; was that a legacy of attitudes back then? Did authority attitudes (in UK) towards violent and unrestrained enforcement change significantly since then? Was that an example of less violence by authorities? Have better techniques been deployed to avert the resulting violence and aggression? Your impression?

I did not. I saw the smoke when the South African embassy was set on fire - or a little part of it anyway.

This is an interesting section in wiki. And it brings to my mind something I'd kind of half forgotten about that time - the total disconnect between what was being reported and said about the riot - both on tv and in general conversation was completely at odds with what I had just experienced.

Judah and I were there as SWP members. We were on one of the SWP coaches - we knew the people that were being characterised in the press as rabble-rousing anarchists, tantamount to terrorists and criminals - the names they were printiing were people whose talks we'd listened to at the SWP gathering in Scunthorpe.

The SWP, for all its radical politics and presence within various instances of civil disobedience and industrial action, was a small-minded, rulesy grouping of people whose idea of political activity primarily rested in deep conversations at the bar of the social club, selling newspapers outside a pasty shop in town an writing interesting books for the left wing press whilst chowing down on kale and cous cous/pie and peas depending whether proudly working class or shame-faced middle class.

When I left the SWP it was after a ridiculous argument, in a pub, about the limits and definition of democratic centralism.

After the demo, people's attitude to it, to the people demonstrating and the 'poor police' who faced down the uncontrollable, angry mob, who had been riled into action by black flag waving anarchists and militant lefties, and against whom the police had been forced to use harsh tactics - was very dispiriting.

It was a few years before the narrative started to shift and the police take ownership of how they had mishandled that demonstration and were the primary aggressors in it.

One of my other memories of that day is that all the way along the first part of the route (can't give specifics it all just merged into one big crowd in a city I had never walked around in before - I was pretty much just following Jude) the police were so friendly. It was a carnival atmosphere - everypne was in a good mood. It was sunny and warm - there were people playing drums and pipes and some were juggling. There were parents with kids on their shoulders - a group of elderly women with a big banner saying 'Grannies Against the Poll Tax'

We laughed and joked with the police lining the route and they laughed and joked back. The stewards were keeping everything orderly and getting the crowd going with chants and songs.

I remember getting nearer to Downing Street and Judah saying to me' Look, no numbers' and pointed to the police - none of the police near the contested areas, seemed to have numbers on their collars. Most of these were in some sort of body armour. But we hadn't got to the full riot gear yet. But, they weren't smiling - there wasn't much of a carnival atmosphere then:P

Why does "This Day in History" not include benchmarks of The Cellar? Maybe we need more local news. Then we can really get depressed.

That's a good question. I don;t know what the full answer to that would be. I think the police are a lot less inclined towards that kind of violence now.

The police force has had to do a lot of learning in the last 20 or so years. To their credit I think for the most part there has been a fairly profound attitude and culture shift at all levels

The Poll Tax demo is not the only example of police effectively turning a heated situation into an explosively violent one. It was one of the later ones - there were a few other occasions where the same thing happened - the anti-nazi demonstration against the election of the first BNP local councillor in 1992 was one - I was also at that and that was seriously scary shit.* The police used the kettling technique again and that also turned into a major riot through the streets of London.

The police response both to the situation itself, and the resultant press coverage and reporting of the incident, was often problematic - the way the police acted and then covered up the true story whilst blaming the victims of the Hillsborough disaster followed a similar pattern.


To me, the two demos in London represent an older type of police response - more in line with the way they responded to the striking miners in the 80s.

Often during times when the police have been heavy-handed and violent towards demonstrators, and things have escalated to a pitched battle, the police at the centre of the violence are reported by witnesses to have no number showing on their collar. It has been suggested by some (some credible, others less credible) that the government of the day brought soldiers in, in police uniform.

I don't know about that.

To see how the police have changed in such matters, you only really have to look at how they responded to the rioters in several cities a few years ago - kettling was not employed, they did everything they could to try to diffuse the situation rather than inflame it.




* at the anti-nazi demo I saw both the worst and best of policing.

Tensions were high - this wasn't a jolly carnival like the poll tax demo had started out, rather it was a somber affair. And many of the people on that demo had experienced heavy handed police tactics before, in previous demos. The police employed similar tactics, the whole thing kicked off into an almighty fuck up.

Imagine this: police with body armour, helmets and riot shields in front of you - lines of police with dogs on either side. Then the shout goes up, they've split the crowd - you've been boxed in and the police with shields and batons are starting to move slowly forward.

But - I also remember trying to get back to the coach park, me and J and a bunch of others - there were still lots of people running about, some were rioting and looting and there were fights between this group of skinheads and that group of anti-fascist activists and now it's getting dark - our little group of about 9 or 10 slightly traumatised protestors were trying to traverse an area where things were being thrown - like bottles and bricks. And a truly lovely police officer (with number on collar and clearly an ordinary local cop) led us at a crouch, behind cars, away from the random brick fight, and then got us safely to the coach park.

Weren't the cops responding in kind? You laughed a joked, they laughed and joked. You were yelling and cursing them(who didn't create the tax), and they being greatly outnumbered by anarchists, commies, and maybe even Irish, responded with force out of fear.

Oh, and maybe they were trying to drag that girl to get her to medical aid which wasn't busy on their side. ;)

Ha!

There was a massive tonal shift as the march progressed. The police along the first part of the route were just ordinary local police - in ordinary police uniforms. I think they maybe had protective vests, but that was about it. The police at the more sensitive areas of the route weren't smiling, were geared up and had no visible identity numbers. They were more like soldiers (I don't mean actual soldiers, I'm not sure I buy that they were anything but police - but they were not the bobby on the beat police they were met officers and other high end police drafted in from other cities - the police equivalent of special forces)

The first cops were there to keep order along the route, the ones at the barricade were there to stop you. Different mission, different attitude, the first cops didn't have to worry about those Irish. :haha:

Absolutely.

Where is the repository of Cellar benchmarks?

More local news? Local to whom? Me? You? Dana? Ali? We are the world.

It has been stated more than once that additions and/or corrections are welcome.

Knock yourself out. Please.

Unless you just wanted to bitch about something.

Don't feed the troll, Digr, unless you want to get into a protracted senseless, debate. ;)

April 1

Today is April Fools' Day. Trust no one.

Today is also Edible Book Day.

This date is also marked as Fossil Fools' Day.


Events

325 – Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty.

528 – The daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei was made the "Emperor" as a male heir of the late emperor by Empress Dowager Hu, deposed and replaced by Yuan Zhao the next day, she was the first female monarch in the history of China, but was not widely recognized.

1293 – Robert Winchelsey left England for Rome to be consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury by the Pope, only to find that there wasn't one.

1318 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by Scotland from England.

1545 – Potosí is founded after the discovery of huge silver deposits in the area. <---Interesting read.

1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first Speaker.

1865 – American Civil War: Union troops led by Philip Sheridan decisively defeat Confederate troops led by George Pickett, cutting the Army of Northern Virginia's last supply line.

1873 – The White Star steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547 in one of the worst marine disasters of the 19th century. Particularly interesting part here.

1891 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.

1924 – Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years imprisonment for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch" but spends only nine months in jail.

1945 – World War II: The Tenth United States Army attacks the Thirty-Second Japanese Army on Okinawa.

1946 – The 8.6 Mw Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the Aleutian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). A destructive tsunami reaches the Hawaiian Islands resulting in dozens of deaths, mostly in Hilo, Hawaii.

1947 – The only mutiny in the history of the Royal New Zealand Navy begins.

1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.

1960 – The TIROS-1 satellite transmits the first television picture from space.

1970 – President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette advertising on television and radio in the United States, effective 1 January 1971.

1973 – Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Jim Corbett National Park, India.

1976 – Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in Cupertino, California, USA. Ronald Wayne sold his interest in Apple for (ultimately) $2300 (~$9296 in 2016 dollars), had he kept it, his 10% stake would be worth over $75,500,000,000 (says Wikipedia).:facepalm:

1979 – Iran becomes an Islamic republic by a 99% vote, officially overthrowing the Shah.

1989 – Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.

1997 – Comet Hale–Bopp is seen passing at perihelion.

2001 – An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, China and is detained.

2001 – Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.

2001 – Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first contemporary country to allow it.

2004 – Google announces Gmail to the public.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1697 – Antoine François Prévost, 1815 – Otto von Bismarck, 1823 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, 1873 – Sergei Rachmaninoff:keys:, 1883 – Lon Chaney, Sr., 1885 – Wallace Beery, 1885 – Clementine Churchill (Winston's main squeeze), 1917 – Sydney Newman (co-created Doctor Who), 1920 – Toshiro Mifune (Rashomon, Seven Samurai, Yojimbo, mini-series Shōgun), 1926 – Anne McCaffrey (Dragonriders Of Pern novels), 1928 – George Grizzard, 1929 – Jonathan Haze (The Little Shop of Horrors (1960)), 1932 – Gordon Jump ("As God is my witness, I thought turkeys could fly."), 1932 – Debbie Reynolds, 1934 – Jim Ed Brown♪ ♫, 1939 – Rudolph Isley♪ ♫(The Isley Bros), 1939 – Ali MacGraw, 1939 – Phil Niekro, 1945 – John Barbata:drummer:(Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship), 1946 – Ronnie Lane:bass:(Faces, Small Faces), 1947 – Robin Scott♪ ♫(M, known for the song 'Pop Muzik'), 1948 – Jimmy Cliff♪ ♫, 1949 – Gil Scott-Heron♪ ♫, 1950 – Samuel Alito, 1952 – Annette O'Toole, 1953 – Barry Sonnenfeld, 1954 – Jeff Porcaro:drummer:(Toto), 1955 – Terry Nichols (Oklahoma City federal bldg bomber), 1961 – Susan Boyle♪ ♫, 1966 – Chris Evans, 1970 – Brad Meltzer, 1973 – Rachel Maddow (mouth), 1976 – David Gilliland:driving:, 1976 – David Oyelowo (Rise of the Planet of the Apes, The Butler), 1977 – Vitor Belfort (MMA fighter), 1980 – Bijou Phillips, 1986 – Hillary Scott♪ ♫(Lady Antebellum)

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1204 – Eleanor of Aquitaine, 1839 – Benjamin Pierce, 1917 – Scott Joplin:keys:, 1922 – Hermann Rorschach (best known for developing the Rorschach test), 1946 – Noah Beery, Sr., 1976 – Max Ernst:artist:, 1984 – Marvin Gaye♪ ♫, 1992 – Nigel Preston:drummer:(The Cult), 1993 – Alan Kulwicki:driving:(came up with The Polish Victory Lap), 2004 – Paul Atkinson♪ ♫(The Zombies), 2004 – Aaron Bank (founded the US Army Special Forces), 2004 – Carrie Snodgress, 2010 – John Forsythe (voice of 'Charlie' on Charlie's Angels, Dynasty)

~La Boeuf in "True Grit"

April 2

Today was World Autism Awareness Day.

1513 – Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de León first sights land in what is now the United States state of Florida.

1792 – The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint.

1800 – Ludwig van Beethoven leads the premiere of his First Symphony in Vienna.

1801 – French Revolutionary Wars: The British capture the Danish fleet.

1863 – American Civil War: The largest in a series of Southern bread riots occurs in Richmond, Virginia.

1865 – American Civil War: Defeat at the Third Battle of Petersburg forces the Army of Northern Virginia and the Confederate government to abandon Richmond, Virginia.

1902 – "Electric Theatre", the first full-time movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles.

1911 – The Australian Bureau of Statistics conducts the country's first national census.

1912 – The ill-fated RMS Titanic begins sea trials.

1917 – World War I: United States President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.

1956 – As the World Turns and The Edge of Night premiere on CBS-TV. The two soaps become the first daytime dramas to debut in the 30-minute format.

1973 – Launch of the LexisNexis computerized legal research service.

1977 - Frank Sinatra scored his first ever UK No.1 album with 'Portrait Of Sinatra', his 46th album release.

1979 – A Soviet bio-warfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock.

1982 – Falklands War: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands.

1986 – Alabama governor George Wallace, a former segregationist, best known for the "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door", announces that he will not seek a fifth four-year term and will retire from public life upon the end of his term in January 1987.

1992 – In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison.

2002 – Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem into which armed Palestinians had retreated.

2006 – Over 60 tornadoes break out in the United States; Tennessee is hardest hit with 29 people killed.

2014 – A spree shooting occurs at the Fort Hood army base in Texas, with four dead, including the gunman, and 16 others injured.

2015 – Gunmen attack Garissa University College in Kenya, killing at least 148 people and wounding 79 others.

Births

742 – Charlemagne, 1618 – Francesco Maria Grimaldi, 1725 – Giacomo Casanova, 1805 – Hans Christian Andersen, 1840 – Émile Zola, 1875 – Walter Chrysler, 1891 – Max Ernst, 1908 – Buddy Ebsen, 1914 – Alec Guinness, 1920 – Jack Webb, 1926 – Jack Brabham, 1939 – Marvin Gaye, 1941 – Dr. Demento, 1942 – Leon Russell, 1943 – Antonio Sabàto, Sr., 1945 – Linda Hunt, 1947 – Emmylou Harris, 1949 – Pamela Reed, 1949 – David Robinson, 1952 – Leon Wilkeson, 1962 – Clark Gregg, 1965 – Rodney King, 1966 – Bill Romanowski, 1977 – Michael Fassbender

Deaths

1502 – Arthur, Prince of Wales, 1865 – A. P. Hill, 1872 – Samuel Morse, 1966 – C. S. Forester, 1987 – Buddy Rich, 1994 – Betty Furness, 1998 – Rob Pilatus, 2003 – Edwin Starr, 2005 – Pope John Paul II, 2013 – Milo O'Shea, 2015 – Robert H. Schuller

;)

Oy!



:P

April 3

1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.

1860 – The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins.

1865 – American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.

1882 – American Old West: The coward Robert Ford murders Jesse James.

1888 – The first of eleven unsolved brutal murders (possibly by Jack The Ripper) of women committed in or near the impoverished Whitechapel district in the East End of London, occurs.

1895 – The trial in the libel case brought by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.

1922 – Joseph Stalin becomes the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1933 – First flight over Mount Everest.

1936 – In a possible miscarriage of justice, Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., the baby son of pilot Charles Lindbergh.

1942 – World War II: Japanese forces begin an assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.

1948 – United States President Harry S. Truman signs the Marshall Plan, authorizing $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.

1955 – The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.

1956 - Elvis Presley appeared on ABC-TV's 'The Milton Berle Show' live from the flight deck of the USS Hancock in San Diego, California. He performed 'Heartbreak Hotel' 'Shake Rattle And Roll' and 'Blue Suede Shoes.' It was estimated that one out of every four Americans saw the show.

1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.

1973 – Martin Cooper of Motorola makes the first handheld mobile phone call to Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs.

1974 – The 1974 Super Outbreak (<--Interesting read.) occurs, the second biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history (after the 2011 Super Outbreak). From April 3 to April 4, 1974, there were 148 tornadoes confirmed in 13 U.S. states and the Canadian province of Ontario, with 30 F4/F5 tornadoes confirmed. The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.

1975 - Steve Miller was charged with setting fire to the clothes of a friend, Benita Diorio. When police arrived at Miller's house, Diorio was putting out the flames, Miller then got into a fight with some of the policemen and was charged with resisting arrest.

1975 – Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.

1996 – Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is captured at his Montana cabin in the United States.

2010 – Apple Inc. released the first generation iPad, a tablet computer.

2016 – The Panama Papers, a leak of legal documents, reveals information on 214,488 offshore companies.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1783 – Washington Irving, 1822 – Edward Everett Hale, 1886 – Dooley Wilson, 1898 – George Jessel, 1898 – Henry Luce, 1907 – Iron Eyes Cody, 1922 – Doris Day, 1924 – Marlon Brando, 1926 – Gus Grissom, 1928 – Don Gibson♪ ♫, 1930 – Helmut Kohl, 1934 – Jane Goodall (monkey girl), 1941 – Jan Berry♪ ♫(Jan & Dean), 1941 – Philippé Wynne♪ ♫(The Spinners), 1942 – Marsha Mason, 1942 – Wayne Newton♪ ♫, 1942 – Billy Joe Royal♪ ♫, 1943 – Richard Manuel:drummer::keys:(The Band), 1944 – Tony Orlando♪ ♫(Tony Orlando & Dawn), 1946 – Dee Murray:bass:(Elton John), 1949 – Lyle Alzado, 1958 – Alec Baldwin, 1959 – David Hyde Pierce (Frasier), 1961 – Eddie Murphy, 1963 – Criss Oliva:shred:(Savatage), 1967 – Cat Cora, 1968 – Sebastian Bach♪ ♫(Skid Row), 1971 – Picabo Street, 1972 – Jennie Garth (90210), 1972 – Catherine McCormack (Braveheart), 1982 – Cobie Smulders (HIMYM, The Avengers, Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.), 1985 – Leona Lewis♪ ♫, 1986 – Amanda Bynes:love:

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1882 – Jesse James, 1897 – Johannes Brahms:keys:, 1936 – Bruno Richard Hauptmann, 1943 – Conrad Veidt (Casablanca), 1950 – Kurt Weill:keys:, 1971 – Joseph Valachi (subject of the novel and movie The Valachi Papers), 1975 – Mary Ure (Where Eagles Dare), 1982 – Warren Oates, 1988 – Milton Caniff (created Steve Canyon comic strip), 1990 – Sarah Vaughan♪ ♫, 1991 – Graham Greene (the writer, not the actor), 1993 – Pinky Lee, 2012 – Chief Jay Strongbow (wrestler), 2014 – Arthur "Guitar Boogie" Smith:shred::violin:, 2015 – Sarah Brady (wife of James Brady), 2015 – Bob Burns:drummer:(Lynyrd Skynyrd), 2016 – Joe Medicine Crow:devil:

Oy vey.:facepalm:

April 4

The International Day for Mine Awareness And Assistance in Mine Action is observed today.


Events

1147 – First historical record of Moscow.

1581 – Francis Drake is knighted for completing a circumnavigation of the world.

1721 – Sir Robert Walpole becomes the first British prime minister.

1818 – The United States Congress adopts the flag of the United States with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (then 20).

1841 – William Henry Harrison dies of pneumonia, becoming the first President of the United States to die in office, and setting the record for the briefest administration, 31 days.

1850 – Los Angeles is incorporated as a city.

1873 – The Kennel Club is founded, the oldest and first official registry of purebred dogs in the world.

1887 – Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.

1925 – The Schutzstaffel (SS) is founded in Germany.

1944 – World War II: First bombardment of oil refineries in Bucharest by Anglo-American forces kills 3000 civilians.

1949 – Twelve nations sign the North Atlantic Treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

1956 - Elvis Presley played the first of two nights in San Diego Arena in San Diego, California. The local police chief issued a statement saying if Elvis ever returned to the city and performed like he did, he would be arrested for disorderly conduct.

1958 – The CND peace symbol is displayed in public for the first time in London.

1964 – The Beatles occupy the top five positions on the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart.

1968 – Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated by James Earl Ray at a motel in Memphis, Tennessee.

1969 – Dr. Denton Cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart.

1973 – The World Trade Center in New York is officially dedicated.

1973 – A Lockheed C-141 Starlifter, dubbed the Hanoi Taxi, makes the last flight of Operation Homecoming.

1975 – Microsoft is founded as a partnership between Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1975 – A United States Air Force Lockheed C-5A Galaxy transporting orphans, crashes near Saigon, South Vietnam shortly after takeoff, killing 172 people.

1983 – Space Shuttle Challenger makes its maiden voyage into space.

1991 – Senator John Heinz of Pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their airplane over an elementary school in Merion, Pennsylvania.

1994 – Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark found Netscape Communications Corporation under the name Mosaic Communications Corporation.

1996 – Comet Hyakutake is imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.

2007 - A Swedish couple ran into trouble with authorities after trying to name their baby Metallica. Michael and Karolina Tomaro went to court with the country's National Tax Authority about naming their daughter after the rock band. The six-month-old has been baptized Metallica, but tax officials said the name was "inappropriate". Under Swedish law, both first names and surnames need to win the approval of authorities before they can be used.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1802 – Dorothea Dix, 1821 – Linus Yale, Jr. (Yale locks), 1884 – Isoroku Yamamoto:f97:, 1888 – Tris Speaker, 1895 – Arthur Murray, 1906 – John Cameron Swayze ("It takes a licking and keeps on ticking.", 1913 – Frances Langford♪ ♫, 1913 – Muddy Waters:shred:, 1916 – David White (the husband's boss on Bewitched), 1922 – Elmer Bernstein♪ ♫, 1928 – Maya Angelou, 1932 – Clive Davis♪ ♫, 1932 – Richard Lugar, 1932 – Anthony Perkins (Psycho), 1933 – Bill France, Jr. (former CEO of NASCAR), 1935 – Kenneth Mars, 1938 – A. Bartlett Giamatti (former MLB Commissioner), 1944 – Craig T. Nelson (Coach, The District), 1948 – Berry Oakley:bass:(Allman Bros), 1950 – Christine Lahti, 1952 – Gary Moore♪ ♫(Thin Lizzy), 1956 – David E. Kelley, 1959 – Phil Morris (lawyer 'Jackie Chiles' on Seinfeld), 1960 – Hugo Weaving ('Elrond' in The Lord of the Rings movies, 'Agent Smith (all of them) in The Matrix movies), 1964 – Anthony Clark (Yes, Dear), 1964 – David Cross (Mr. Show), 1965 – Robert Downey Jr., 1966 – Nancy McKeon (The Facts Of Life), 1966 – Mike Starr:bass:(Alice In Chains), 1970 – Barry Pepper (Saving Private Ryan, Battlefield Earth, The Green Mile), 1972 – Jill Scott♪ ♫, 1973 – David Blaine, 1976 – James Roday (Psych), 1979 – Heath Ledger, 1979 – Natasha Lyonne (American Pie, Slums of Beverly Hills), 1991 – Jamie Lynn Spears♪ ♫

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1841 – William Henry Harrison (9th POTUS), 1912 – Isaac K. Funk (Funk & Wagnalls), 1923 – John Venn (created the Venn diagram), 1929 – Karl Benz (yeah, that Benz), 1931 – André Michelin (yeah, that Michelin), 1958 – Johnny Stompanato (bodyguard, and mob enforcer), 1967 – Al Lewis♪ ♫(wrote "Blueberry Hill"), 1968 – Martin Luther King Jr., 1979 – Edgar Buchanan, 1980 – Red Sovine♪ ♫, 1983 – Gloria Swanson, 1984 – Oleg Antonov (Antonov aircraft), 1991 – H. John Heinz III, 1993 – Alfred Mosher Butts (created Scrabble), 2001 – Ed 'Big Daddy' Roth:artist:(created The Rat Fink), 2003 – Anthony Caruso (The Asphalt Jungle), 2013 – Roger Ebert:thumbsup::thumbsup:

She must have done a good job, the population climbed from 367 in 1890 to 501 in the 2010 census.

April 5

Today is the tomorrow that we worried about yesterday.


Events

1242 – During the Battle on the Ice of Lake Peipus, Russian forces, led by Alexander Nevsky, rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights.

1536 – Royal Entry of Charles V into Rome: The last Roman triumph.

1614 – In Virginia, Native American Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe.

1621 – The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, Massachusetts on a return trip to England.

1710 – The Statute of Anne receives the Royal Assent establishing the Copyright law of the United Kingdom.

1722 – The Dutch explorer Jacob Roggeveen discovers Easter Island.

1792 – United States President George Washington exercises his authority to veto a bill, the first time this power is used in the United States.

1900 – Archaeologists in Knossos, Crete, discover a large cache of clay tablets with hieroglyphic writing in a script they call Linear B.

1915 – Boxing challenger Jess Willard knocks out Jack Johnson in Havana, Cuba to become the Heavyweight Champion of the World.:boxers:

1933 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs two executive orders: 6101 to establish the Civilian Conservation Corps, and 6102 "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates" by U.S. citizens.

1942 – World War II: The Imperial Japanese Navy launches a carrier-based air attack on Colombo, Ceylon during the Indian Ocean raid. Port and civilian facilities are damaged and the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Cornwall and HMS Dorsetshire are sunk southwest of the island.

1943 – World War II: American bomber aircraft accidentally cause more than 900 civilian deaths, including 209 children, and 1,300 wounded among the civilian population of the Belgian town of Mortsel. Their target was the Erla factory one kilometer from the residential area hit.

1949 – A fire in a hospital in Effingham, Illinois, kills 77 people and leads to nationwide fire code improvements in the United States.

1951 – Ethel and Julius Rosenberg are sentenced to death for spying for the Soviet Union.

1956 – Fidel Castro declares himself at war with Cuban President Fulgencio Batista.

1958 – Ripple Rock, an underwater threat to navigation in the Seymour Narrows in Canada is destroyed in one of the largest non-nuclear controlled explosions of the time.

1984 - Marvin Gaye's funeral took place at The Forest Lawn Cemetery, Los Angeles.

1994 - Nirvana lead singer Kurt Cobain committed suicide by shooting himself in the head at his home in Seattle. Cobain's body wasn't discovered until April 8, by an electrician who had arrived to install a security system, who initially believed that Cobain was asleep, until he saw the shotgun pointing at his chin. A suicide note was found that said, "I haven't felt the excitement of listening to as well as creating music, along with really writing . . . for too many years now". A high concentration of heroin and traces of Valium were found in Cobain's body. His death was officially ruled as suicide by a self-inflicted shotgun wound to the head.

1998 - British drummer Cozy Powell (Colin Flooks) was killed when his car smashed into crash barriers on the M4 motorway near Bristol, England.

1998 – In Japan, the Akashi Kaikyō Bridge opens to traffic, becoming the longest bridge span in the world. The central span is 6,532 feet long, 1.2 miles, with the total length of the bridge being 12,831 ft, or 2.4 miles.

1999 – Two Libyans suspected of bringing down Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988 are handed over for eventual trial in the Netherlands.

2006 - Gene Pitney was found dead aged 65 in his bed in a Cardiff hotel. The American singer was on a UK tour and had shown no signs of illness.

2010 – Twenty-nine coal miners are killed in an explosion at the Upper Big Branch Mine in West Virginia.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1649 – Elihu Yale (Yale University), 1769 – Thomas Hardy, 1827 – Joseph Lister (namesake of Listerine), 1856 – Booker T. Washington, 1858 – Washington Atlee Burpee (seeds, not the exercise), 1883 – Walter Huston, 1900 – Spencer Tracy, 1901 – Melvyn Douglas (Hud, Inherit The Wind), 1908 – Bette Davis:eyeball::eyeball:, 1909 – Albert R. Broccoli (producer James Bond movies), 1916 – Gregory Peck, 1922 – Christopher Hewett ('Mr. Belvedere' on Mr. Belvedere), 1922 – Gale Storm, 1926 – Roger Corman, 1929 – Joe Meek♪ ♫, 1931 – Jack Clement♪ ♫, 1933 – Frank Gorshin ('The Riddler' on Batman), 1937 – Colin Powell, 1939 – Ronald White♪ ♫(The Miracles, discovered Stevie Wonder), 1940 – Tommy Cash♪ ♫(Johnny's younger brother), 1941 – Michael Moriarty (Law & Order, Pale Rider), 1943 – Max Gail ('Wojo' on Barney Miller), 1946 – Jane Asher, 1947 – Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 1948 – Les Binks:drummer:(Judas Priest), 1948 – Dave Holland:drummer:(Judas Priest), 1949 – Judith Resnik, 1950 – Agnetha Fältskog♪ ♫(ABBA), 1951 – Dean Kamen (inventor, founded Segway), 1952 – John C. Dvorak, 1952 – Mitch Pileggi ('FBI Assistant Director Skinner' on The X-Files), 1956 – Diamond Dallas Page, 1960 – Larry McCray:shred:, 1962 – Lana Clarkson (murdered by Phil Spector), 1966 – Mike McCready:shred:(Pearl Jam), 1967 – Troy Gentry♪ ♫(Montgomery Gentry), 1968 – Paula Cole♪ ♫

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1964 – Douglas MacArthur, 1972 – Brian Donlevy, 1975 – Chiang Kai-shek, 1976 – Howard Hughes, 1982 – Abe Fortas, 1991 – John Tower (chairman of The Tower Commission), 1992 – $am Walton, 1994 – Kurt Cobain♪ ♫(Nirvana), 1997 – Allen Ginsberg, 1998 – Cozy Powell:drummer:(Jeff beck, Rainbow, Whitesnake, EL&P, Black Sabbath), 2000 – Lee Petty:driving:('King Richard' Petty's father), 2002 – Layne Staley♪ ♫(Alice In Chains), 2005 – Saul Bellow, 2006 – Gene Pitney♪ ♫, 2007 – Mark St. John:shred:(KISS), 2008 – Charlton Heston ("From my cold, dead hands...":devil:), 2012 – Jim Herr (Herr's snack foods), 2012 – Jim Marshall♪ ♫(Marshall amps), 2015 – Richard Dysart

The head end...

You can see Ripple Rock blown up here.

April 6

1199 – King Richard I of England dies from an infection following the removal of an arrow from his shoulder.

1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

1652 – At the Cape of Good Hope, Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp that eventually becomes Cape Town.

1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

1830 – Church of Christ, the original church of the Latter Day Saint movement, is organized by Joseph Smith and others at either Fayette or Manchester, New York.

1841 – U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death.

1860 – The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, later renamed Community of Christ, is organized by Joseph Smith III and others at Amboy, Illinois.

1869 – Celluloid is patented.

1895 – Oscar Wilde is arrested in the Cadogan Hotel, London, after losing a libel case against the Marquess of Queensberry.

1917 – World War I: The United States declares war on Germany.

1947 – The first Tony Awards are presented for theatrical achievement.

1968 – In Richmond, Indiana's downtown district, a double explosion kills 41 and injures 150.

1974 – The Swedish pop band ABBA wins the Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Waterloo", launching their international career.

1992 – The Bosnian War begins.

1998 – Travelers Group announces an agreement to undertake the $76 billion merger between Travelers and Citicorp, and the merger is completed on October 8, of that year, forming Citibank.

Births

1483 – Raphael, 1890 – Anthony Fokker, 1920 – Jack Cover, 1929 – Andre Previn, 1937 – Merle Haggard, 1937 – Billy Dee Williams, 1941 – Don Prudhomme, 1942 – Barry Levinson, 1944 – Anita Pallenberg, 1947 – John Ratzenberger, 1952 – Marilu Henner, 1955 – Michael Rooker, 1969 – Paul Rudd, 1975 – Zach Braff

Deaths

1520 – Raphael, 1862 – Albert Sidney Johnston, 1992 – Isaac Asimov, 1996 – Greer Garson, 1998 – Tammy Wynette, 2012 – Thomas Kinkade, 2014 – Mickey Rooney, 2015 – James Best, 2015 – Ray Charles, 2016 – Merle Haggard, 2017 – Don Rickles

They should rot in hell. I got a letter from them this week saying I had won my nine month battle with them but they still refused to accept it was their fault. :mad:

April 7

451 – Attila the Hun sacks the town of Metz and attacks other cities in Gaul.

1805 – Lewis and Clark Expedition: The Corps of Discovery breaks camp among the Mandan tribe and resumes its journey West along the Missouri River.

1805 – German composer Ludwig van Beethoven premiered his Third Symphony, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna.

1827 – John Walker, an English chemist, sells the first friction match that he had invented the previous year.

1906 – Mount Vesuvius erupts and devastates Naples.

1948 – The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.

1949 – The Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific opened on Broadway; it would run for 1,925 performances and win ten Tony Awards.

1954 – United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower gives his "domino theory" speech during a news conference.

1955 – Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom amid indications of failing health.

1964 – IBM announces the System/360.

1969 – The Internet's symbolic birth date: Publication of RFC 1.

1978 – Development of the neutron bomb is canceled by President Jimmy Carter.

1983 – During STS-6, astronauts Story Musgrave and Don Peterson perform the first Space Shuttle spacewalk.

2001 – Mars Odyssey is launched.

2003 – U.S. troops capture Baghdad; Saddam Hussein's regime falls two days later.

Births

1506 – Francis Xavier, 1860 – Will Keith Kellogg, 1891 – Ole Kirk Christiansen, 1893 – Allen Dulles, 1897 – Walter Winchell, 1908 – Percy Faith, 1915 – Billie Holiday, 1916 – Anthony Caruso, 1917 – R. G. Armstrong, 1920 – Ravi Shankar, 1928 – James Garner, 1928 – Alan J. Pakula, 1933 – Wayne Rogers, 1935 – Bobby Bare, 1935 – Hodding Carter III, 1938 – Jerry Brown, 1939 – Francis Ford Coppola, 1939 – David Frost, 1943 – Mick Abrahams, 1949 – John Oates, 1954 – Jackie Chan, 1954 – Tony Dorsett, 1960 – Buster Douglas, 1964 – Russell Crowe

Deaths

1614 – El Greco, 1739 – Dick Turpin, 1891 – P. T. Barnum, 1947 – Henry Ford, 1950 – Walter Huston, 1955 – Theda Bara, 2002 – John Agar, 2007 – Johnny Hart, 2012 – Mike Wallace, 2015 – Stan Freberg, 2015 – Geoffrey Lewis, 2016 – Blackjack Mulligan

That pussy, we could have killed everyone in the world by now, and wouldn't have all this strife. :rolleyes:

April 8

Today is International Romani Day, bringing awareness to the issues facing the Romani people.

Japan celebrates Buddha's Birthday on this date.


Events

632 – King Charibert II is assassinated at Blaye (Gironde), along with his infant son Chilperic.

1093 – The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.

1665 – English colonial patents are granted for the establishment of the Monmouth Tract, for what would eventually become Monmouth County in northeastern New Jersey.

1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.

1740 – War of Jenkins' Ear: Three British ships capture the Spanish third-rate Princesa, taken into service as HMS Princess.

1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Milos.

1904 – British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of The Book of the Law.

1904 – Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, was renamed Times Square (pictured) after The New York Times building.

1906 – Auguste Deter, the first person to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, dies.

1908 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.

1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.

1935 – The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.

1942 – World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.

1945 – World War II: After an air raid accidentally destroys a train carrying about 4,000 Nazi concentration camp internees in Prussian Hanover, the survivors are massacred by Nazis.

1953 – Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by British Kenya's rulers.

1959 – A team of computer manufacturers, users, and university people led by Grace Hopper meets to discuss the creation of a new programming language that would be called COBOL.

1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after take off. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only one awarded to a woman in peacetime.

1974 – At Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium, Hank Aaron hits his 715th career home run to surpass Babe Ruth's 39-year-old record.

1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.

1994 - Electrician Gary Smith who was working at Kurt Cobain's house in Seattle discovered Cobain's body lying on the floor in the greenhouse. Local radio station KXRX broke the news at 9.40am that the Nirvana singer and guitarist was dead. A shotgun was found next to Cobain's body. A suicide note was found that said, "I haven't felt the excitement of listening to as well as creating music, along with really writing . . . for too many years now". A high concentration of heroin and traces of Valium were also found in Cobain's body.

1994 - The Recording Industry Association of America announced that Pink Floyd's 1973 album The Dark Side of The Moon had become the fourth biggest-selling album in US history and had passed the 13 million mark in sales. The album has sold more than 25 million copies worldwide.

2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Shedden, Elgin County, Ontario. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos Motorcycle Club.

2008 – The construction of the world's first building to integrate wind turbines is completed in Bahrain. Some handsome Dwellar posted this one year ago.

2012 - It was reported that organizers for the 2012 Olympics opening ceremonies had recently asked the manager of The Who if legendary drummer Keith Moon would be able to perform at the forthcoming London Olympics Games. Who manager Bill Curbishley, told The Times how he responded to the request. "I emailed back saying Keith now resides in Golders Green crematorium, having lived up to The Who's anthemic line 'I hope I die before I get old,'" he said. "If they have a round table, some glasses and candles, we might contact him."

2013 – Two Sunni Muslim Islamic extremist groups, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Al-Nusra Front, merged to become the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, also known as ISIS.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1842 – Elizabeth Bacon Custer (wife of George Armstrong Custer), 1892 – Mary Pickford, 1912 – Sonja Henie, 1914 – María Félix:love:, 1918 – Betty Ford (40th FLOTUS, co-founder Betty Ford Center), 1938 – Kofi Annan, 1941 – J. J. Jackson♪ ♫, 1946 – Catfish Hunter, 1947 – Tom DeLay, 1947 – Steve Howe:shred:(Yes), 1949 – K. C. Kamalasabayson (Kamalasabayson is Sri Lankan for "& The Sunshine Band"), 1951 – Mel Schacher:bass:(Grand Funk Railroad), 1955 – Barbara Kingsolver, 1960 – John Schneider (Dukes of Hazzard), 1961 – Richard Hatch (big, gay Survivor), 1962 – Izzy Stradlin♪ ♫, 1963 – Julian Lennon♪ ♫, 1966 – Robin Wright, 1968 – Patricia Arquette, 1971 – Darren Jessee♪ ♫(Ben Folds Five), 1972 – Paul Gray:bass:(Slipknot), 1978 – Rachel Roberts (Simone), 1980 – Katee Sackhoff ('Starbuck' on Battlestar Galactica (2003), 1984 – Taran Noah Smith (Home Improvement)

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1861 – Elisha Otis (elevator dude), 1941 – Marcel Prévost, 1973 – Pablo Picasso:artist:, 1981 – Omar Bradley (commanded forty-three divisions and 1.3 million men, the largest body of American soldiers ever to serve under a single U.S. field commander; America's last five star general), 1990 – Ryan White, 1996 – Ben Johnson, 2000 – Claire Trevor, 2002 – María Félix:love:, 2010 – Malcolm McLaren, 2013 – Annette Funicello:love:, 2013 – Margaret 'The Iron Lady' Thatcher

Gypsys, tramps, and thieves
We'd hear it from the people of the town
They'd call us Gypsys, tramps, and thieves
But every night all the men would come around
And lay their money down



How long did it take to put that post together?

Including me learning about shit as I go, a little over an hour.

Ima go watch Cher sing that song now.:love:

That was the best 2.5 minutes I'll spend today. Guaranteed.

That's what I figured, of course that's barring PC fuck-ups. Almost as much time as the IoTD, but I'm leaning shit too.;)

There are also ID-10T errors with which to contend.

Seem to be getting more of those all the time.:rolleyes:

To ID-10T error is human. To remain calm is divine.;)

April 9

Today is National Former POW Recognition Day in the U.S..

Our friends in Canadia are marking today as Vimy Ridge Day, commemorating the sacrifices of the Canadian Corps during the Battle of Vimy Ridge in WWI.

Events

537 – Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. He starts, despite shortages, raids against the Gothic camps, and Vitiges is forced into a stalemate.

1388 – Despite being outnumbered 16 to 1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.

1413 – Henry V is crowned King of England.

1585 – The expedition organised by Sir Walter Raleigh departs England for Roanoke Island (present day North Carolina) to establish the Roanoke Colony.

1682 – Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.

1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.

1916 – World War I: The Battle of Verdun: German forces launch their third offensive of the battle.

1917 – World War I: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.

1939 – Marian Anderson sings at the Lincoln Memorial, after being denied the right to sing at the Daughters of the American Revolution's Constitution Hall.

1940 – Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norwegia.

1942 – World War II: The Battle of Bataan/Bataan Death March: United States forces surrender on the Bataan Peninsula. The Japanese Navy launches an air raid on Trincomalee in Ceylon (Sri Lanka); Royal Navy aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and Royal Australian Navy Destroyer HMAS Vampire are sunk off the island's east coast.

1947 – Sixteen white and black men began a two-week journey in the American South, acting in defiance of local laws that enforced segregated seating on public buses. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.

1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping.

1959 – Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".

1965 – The Astrodome opens. First indoor baseball game is played.

1967 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.

1969 – The first British-built Concorde, 002, makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford.

1976 – The EMD F40PH diesel locomotive enters revenue service with Amtrak.

1980 – The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.

1992 – A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.

2005 – Charles, Prince of Wales marries Camilla Parker Bowles in a civil ceremony at Windsor's Guildhall. Thankfully, those two horsefaces had no children together.

2014 – A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1821 – Charles Baudelaire, 1898 – Curly Lambeau (namesake of Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wisconsin, founded the Packers:devil:), 1898 – Paul Robeson♪ ♫, 1903 – Ward Bond, 1926 – Hugh Hefner:ggw:, 1928 – Tom Lehrer, 1932 – Jim Fowler, 1932 – Carl Perkins♪ ♫, 1933 – Jean-Paul Belmondo, 1933 – Fern Michaels, 1935 – Avery Schreiber, 1937 – Marty Krofft, 1939 – Michael Learned (the mother 'Olivia Walton' on The Waltons), 1942 – Brandon deWilde, 1945 – Steve Gadd:drummer:(drums on Paul Simon's "50 Ways To Leave Your Lover", drum solo on Steely Dan's "Aja"), 1953 – Hal Ketchum♪ ♫, 1954 – Dennis Quaid, 1957 – Seve Ballesteros, 1963 – Marc Jacobs, 1963 – Joe Scarborough (talking head), 1965 – Jeff Zucker, 1966 – Cynthia Nixon (Sex and the City), 1971 – Jacques Villeneuve:driving:, 1974 – Jenna Jameson:doit::3some:, 1977 – Gerard Way♪ ♫(My Chemical Romance), 1979 – Albert Hammond, Jr.♪ ♫(The Strokes), 1982 – Jay Baruchel, 1990 – Kristen Stewart (non-actress), 1998 – Elle Fanning

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

491 – Zeno, 1626 – Francis Bacon, 1876 – Charles Goodyear, 1926 – Zip the Pinhead, 1959 – Frank Lloyd Wright, 1976 – Phil Ochs♪ ♫, 1980 – Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, 1988 – Brook Benton♪ ♫, 1988 – Dave Prater♪ ♫(Sam & Dave), 1996 – Richard Condon, 1997 – Mae Boren Axton♪ ♫(co-wrote presley hit "Heartbreak Hotel", mother of Hoyt Axton), 2001 – Willie Stargell, 2011 – Sidney Lumet

Should have been the Quicksilver Seven. :haha:

The Magnificent Seven was prolly already taken.

April 10

Today is the 100th day of 2017, there are 265 days remaining in the year.

There are 258 days until Christmas.

Today is internationally observed as Siblings Day.


Events

837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles).

1815 – The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.

1826 – The 10,500 inhabitants of the Greek town of Missolonghi begin leaving the town after a year's siege by Turkish forces. Very few of them survive.

1858 – After the original Big Ben, a 32,000 lb bell for the Palace of Westminster, had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13.76 tonnes (30,300 lb) bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.

1865 – American Civil War: A day after his surrender to Union forces, Confederate General Robert E. Lee addresses his troops for the last time:

1872 – The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska.

1912 – RMS Titanic sets sail from Southampton, England on her maiden and only voyage.

1916 – The Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) is created in New York City.

1919 – Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead by government forces in Morelos.

1925 – The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is first published in New York City.

1963 – One hundred twenty-nine American sailors die when the submarine USS Thresher sinks at sea. The loss of the Thresher lead to the implementation of a rigorous submarine safety program known as SUBSAFE.

1967 - Marvin Gaye records his version of 'I Heard It Through The Grapevine'.

1970 – Paul McCartney announces that he is leaving The Beatles for personal and professional reasons.

1972 – Tombs containing bamboo slips, among them Sun Tzu's Art of War and Sun Bin's lost military treatise, are accidentally discovered by construction workers in Shandong.

1972 – Vietnam War: For the first time since November 1967, American B-52 bombers reportedly begin bombing North Vietnam.

1976 - Peter Frampton went to No.1 on the US album chart with 'Frampton Comes Alive', one of the biggest selling 'live' albums in rock history. It was the best-selling album of 1976, selling over 6 million copies in the US. Frampton Comes Alive! was voted "Album of the year" in the 1976 Rolling Stone readers poll. It stayed on the chart for 97 weeks.

1979 – Red River Valley tornado outbreak: A tornado (one of 59 in this outbreak) lands on Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people.

1982 - Iron Maiden scored their first UK No.1 album with The Number Of The Beast. The bands third studio album saw the debut of vocalist Bruce Dickinson and the final appearance of the late drummer Clive Burr. This was their first album to reach No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart, and be certified platinum in the US.

2010 – Polish Air Force Tu-154M crashes near Smolensk, Russia, killing 96 people, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński, his wife, and dozens of other senior officials and dignitaries.

2016 – The Paravur temple accident in which a devastating fire caused by the explosion of firecrackers stored for Vishu, kills more than one hundred people out of the thousands gathered for seventh day of Bhadrakali worship.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

1794 – Matthew C. Perry, 1827 – Lew Wallace, 1829 – William Booth (founded The Salvation Army), 1847 – Joseph Pulitzer (yeah, that one), 1911 – Martin Denny:keys:, 1915 – Harry Morgan ('Col. Henry Potter' on M*A*S*H (series)), 1921 – Chuck Connors (The Rifleman), 1921 – Sheb Wooley♪ ♫(sang "The Purple People Eater", was also in High Noon, The Outlaw Josey Wales, & Rawhide), 1925 – Angelo Poffo (father of 'Leaping' Lanny Poffo & Randy 'Macho Man' Savage), 1926 – Junior Samples (HeeHaw), 1929 – Liz Sheridan (Jerry's mother on Seinfeld), 1929 – Max von Sydow, 1932 – Omar Sharif, 1934 – David Halberstam, 1936 – John Madden, 1938 – Dandy Don Meredith, 1941 – Paul Theroux, 1947 – Bunny Wailer:drummer:(Bob Marley & The Wailers), 1950 – Ken Griffey, Sr., 1952 – Steven Seagal, 1954 – Paul Bearer (wrestling manager), 1954 – Peter MacNicol, 1957 – Steve Gustafson:bass:(10,000 Maniacs), 1959 – Brian Setzer:shred:(Stray Cats, Brian Setzer Orchestra), 1961 – Joe Cole (roadie for Rollins Band, Black Flag, Hole), 1963 – Warren DeMartini:shred:(Ratt), 1965 – Tim Alexander:drummer:(Primus), 1968 – Orlando Jones, 1972 – Priit Kasesalu (co-created Skype), 1975 – Chris Carrabba♪ ♫(Dashboard Confessional), 1980 – Charlie Hunnam (Sons of Anarchy), 1980 – Kasey Kahne:eyeball::eyeball::driving:, 1984 – Mandy Moore:love:, 1992 – Daisy Ridley:love:

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

879 – Louis the Stammerer, 1919 – Emiliano Zapata, 1954 – Auguste Lumière, 1962 – Stuart Sutcliffe:bass:, 1966 – Evelyn Waugh, 1969 – Harley Earl (head of design for General Motors), 1975 – Marjorie Main (Ma Kettle), 1986 – Linda Creed♪ ♫(co-wrote "The Rubberband Man":devil:), 1991 – Kevin Peter Hall ('The Predator' in Predator, 'Harry' in Harry & The Hendersons), 1991 – Natalie Schafer ("Mrs. Howell' on Gilligan's Island), 1992 – Sam Kinison:scream:, 1994 – Sam B. Hall, Jr. ("...and I hate you, one and all, damn yer eyes!"), 2000 – Larry Linville ('Major Frank Burns' on M*A*S*H (series)), 2003 – Little Eva♪ ♫, 2010 – Dixie Carter (Designing Women), 2012 – Barbara Buchholz♪ ♫(Theremin player), 2016 – Howard Marks (Welsh cannabis smuggler)

Saw him at the Spectrum in Philly, but I can't remember who was with him. Maybe Jo Jo Gunne, but probably not. :confused:

April 11

Believe it or don't, but, today is International Louie Louie Day. Yeah, no, what the, I don't even.:(

Also observed worldwide today is World Parkinson's Day. Paralysis agitans was first described by James Parkinson 200 years ago, in 1817.


Events

1689 – William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain. Was Britain just plain short on names back in those days, or what?:eyebrow:

1727 – Premiere of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion BWV 244b at the St. Thomas Church, in Leipzig.

1868 – Former Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu surrenders Edo Castle to Imperial forces, marking the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.

1876 – The Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks is organized.

1881 – Spelman College is founded in Atlanta, Georgia as the Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, an institute of higher education for African-American women.

1909 – The city of Tel Aviv is founded.

1913 – The Nevill Ground pavilion is destroyed in a suffragette arson attack becoming the only cricket ground to be attacked by suffragettes.

1951 – Korean War: President Harry Truman relieves General of the Army Douglas MacArthur of overall command in Korea.

1951 – The Stone of Scone, the stone upon which Scottish monarchs were traditionally crowned, is found on the site of the altar of Arbroath Abbey. It had been taken by Scottish nationalist students from its place in Westminster Abbey.

1961 – The trial of Adolf Eichmann begins in Jerusalem.

1965 – The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: Fifty-one tornadoes hit in six Midwestern states, killing 256 people.

1966 - Buffalo Springfield made their live debut at The Troubadour in Hollywood, California.

1968 – President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, prohibiting discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

1970 – Apollo 13 is launched.

1976 – The Apple I is created.

1977 - Alice Cooper played to an audience of 40,000 in Sydney, Australia, the largest crowd to attend a rock concert in the country's history. After the show Cooper was placed under house arrest at his hotel until he posted a bond for $59,632. That amount was the sum that a promoter claimed to have paid Cooper for a 1975 Australia tour he never made. The two settled when it was found that the promoter did not fulfill his part of the agreement either.

1979 – Ugandan dictator Idi Amin is deposed.

1981 - Eddie Van Halen married actress Valerie Bertinelli, co-star of the 1980's television hit, One Day at a Time. The two had met eight months earlier when Bertinelli's brother took her to a Van Halen concert in Shreveport, Louisiana.

1981 – A massive riot in Brixton, south London, results in almost 300 police injuries and 65 serious civilian injuries.

1986 – FBI Miami Shootout: A gun battle in broad daylight in Dade County, Florida between two bank/armored car robbers and pursuing FBI agents. During the firefight, FBI agents Jerry L. Dove and Benjamin P. Grogan were killed, while five other agents were wounded. As a result, the now popular .40 S&W cartridge was developed.

1987 – The London Agreement is secretly signed between Israeli Foreign Affairs Minister Shimon Peres and King Hussein of Jordan.

1990 – Customs officers in Middlesbrough, England, say they have seized what they believe to be the barrel of a massive gun on a ship bound for Iraq.

1993 – Four hundred fifty prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners (for tuberculosis) against their religious beliefs.

2001 – The detained crew of a United States EP-3E aircraft that landed in Hainan, China after a collision with a J-8 fighter, is released.

2002 – Over two hundred thousand people march in Caracas towards the Presidential palace to demand the resignation of president Hugo Chávez. Nineteen protesters are killed.

:knockdup:Births:knockdup:

145 – Septimius Severus, 1374 – Roger Mortimer, 1755 – James Parkinson (Parkinson's Disease), 1893 – Dean Acheson, 1913 – Oleg Cassini, 1917 – David Westheimer (wrote the novel Von Ryan's Express), 1928 – Ethel Kennedy, 1930 – Anton LaVey:evil2:, 1932 – Joel Grey, 1935 – Richard Berry♪ ♫(wrote Louie, Louie), 1939 – Louise Lasser (Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman), 1943 – Harley Race (pro wrestler), 1944 – John Milius, 1947 – Peter Riegert, 1960 – Jeremy Clarkson (Top Gear, The Grand Tour), 1961 – Vincent Gallo, 1961 – Doug Hopkins♪ ♫(The Gin Blossoms), 1973 – Jennifer Esposito, 1987 – Joss Stone♪ ♫

:reaper:Deaths:reaper:

1890 – Joseph Merrick ('the elephant man'), 1926 – Luther Burbank, 1983 – Dolores del Río, 1987 – Erskine Caldwell (author Tobacco Road and God's Little Acre), 1992 – James Brown (not the Godfather of Soul, this one starred in The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin), 1999 – William H. Armstrong (author of Sounder), 2003 – Cecil Howard Green (founded Texas Instruments), 2006 – June Pointer♪ ♫(youngest of The Pointer Sisters), 2007 – Roscoe Lee Browne, 2007 – Kurt Vonnegut, 2013 – Jonathan Winters:devil:, 2014 – Jesse Winchester♪ ♫, 2016 – Ed Snider (Philadelphia Flyers, Philadelphia 76ers, Philadelphia Eagles)

If I get crowned and sing all night long it's a family tradition.
In British history there have only been a handful of families to occupy the throne, I guess the rest shit in the woods. The crown would be handed down in the family until somebody kicked their ass out. The family in charge would choose a name that let people know which family to suck up to. ;)

See, that's confusing, that's why I call them all Nigel.

Except Nigel XII, you must call him your majesty. ;)